Bounded definition
The cited study evolves adenine base editors and characterizes targeted A-to-G editing in specified experimental systems. Within this page, that proposition is limited to The constructs, biological systems, protocols, assays, datasets, and comparisons reported in Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage.
Definition and evidence boundary
An evolved deaminase–Cas architecture that can install selected A-to-G outcomes without programmed DNA cleavage. The bounded proposition retained by the canonical record is: The cited study evolves adenine base editors and characterizes targeted A-to-G editing in specified experimental systems.
The applicable scope is The constructs, biological systems, protocols, assays, datasets, and comparisons reported in Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage. This definition must not be generalized beyond the cited source and exact record boundary.
Claims: urn:maha:claim:adenine-base-editing
Mechanism and technical context
The study evolves and characterizes adenine base editors that install targeted A-to-G outcomes in specified bacterial and human-cell experiments. This is the source-bound technical context for the record; no uncited mechanism is added by the compiler.
The source does not establish universal specificity, delivery, tissue performance, safety, or clinical benefit. The mechanism or method is therefore presented as one component of a larger system, not as evidence for every downstream outcome.
Claims: urn:maha:claim:adenine-base-editing
How to interpret the evidence
There is no universal effect estimate for this method; numerical results remain attached to the source experiment, biological system, assay, and analysis choices. The evidence maturity recorded here is single study, and the claim kind is empirical claim.
This candidate records one bounded source package. Independent replications and contradictory results must be compiled separately before evidence maturity is upgraded. Reported performance does not transfer automatically to other editors, guides, loci, cells, delivery systems, organisms, or clinical settings. These qualifications travel with the claim whenever it is reused.
Claims: urn:maha:claim:adenine-base-editing
What the source supports and what remains unknown
The inspected source supports exactly this: The study evolves and characterizes adenine base editors that install targeted A-to-G outcomes in specified bacterial and human-cell experiments. It was read at Abstract; Figures 1–5; Methods; Extended Data; Supplementary Information.
What remains unknown is everything outside that locator. The source does not establish universal specificity, delivery, tissue performance, safety, or clinical benefit. No quantity, comparison, or downstream outcome is established here unless a separately scoped record measures it.
Claims: urn:maha:claim:adenine-base-editing
Source identity, locator, and reuse boundary
The bound source is “Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage” by Nicole M. Gaudelli, Alexis C. Komor, Holly A. Rees, Michael S. Packer, et al., published by Nature on 2017-11-01; its declared stable identity is doi:10.1038/nature24644.
The inspected-content locator is Abstract; Figures 1–5; Methods; Extended Data; Supplementary Information. Reuse is limited to citation-with-paraphrase. Maha paraphrases the source-level result and links to the version of record; no article passage is reproduced. This metadata establishes source identity and inspection scope, not the truth of claims outside the cited locator.
Claims: urn:maha:claim:adenine-base-editing
Comparison and calculation boundary
Applicability is decided explicitly, not filled with generic material.
This record carries 1 source-bound proposition and therefore has no second supported side. A comparison would have to be manufactured from an adjacent title rather than from a second inspected claim, which the gate forbids.
The canonical claim declares no reproducible numerical inputs, equation, units, or uncertainty propagation; recorded uncertainty kind is qualitative. Supplying sample values would invent an unsupported quantitative result.
Limitations and prohibited inference
The claim stops where its evidence stops.
- record boundary
The source does not establish universal specificity, delivery, tissue performance, safety, or clinical benefit.
- record boundary
A source-bounded mechanism, method, or measurement record does not establish manufacturing yield, economic advantage, safety, clinical benefit, or commercial readiness unless those outcomes are measured in a separately scoped record.
- prohibited inference
Do not treat the adenine base editing record as medical advice, a treatment recommendation, or evidence of general clinical readiness.
- prohibited inference
Do not transfer a reported result across hardware, organisms, protocols, datasets, operating conditions, or outcome definitions without a declared comparison contract.
- editorial
This compilation reorganizes an existing inspected claim and its declared source; it does not add a new experiment, measurement, or independent replication.
- editorial
Internal editorial inspection is not external peer review, and no result on this page has been independently reproduced.
Related records and mathematical bridges
Typed links expose context without asserting equivalence.
Cell-free gene expression systems
Same canonical domain (synthetic-biology). Domain membership only: no shared source or declared edge links these two records.
Selection: domain adjacency
Directed-evolution workflows
Declared mechanistic-dependency edge from this record. The edge is navigational and asserts no equivalence or causation beyond the cited source scope.
Selection: bridge edge
Editing efficiency and byproduct measurement
Declared mechanistic-dependency edge from this record. The edge is navigational and asserts no equivalence or causation beyond the cited source scope.
Selection: bridge edge
When no declared bridge edge is present, related records are linked by shared evidence or canonical domain adjacency. Those links are navigational and do not claim mathematical or physical equivalence.
Connected domain graph
Typed dependencies preserve publication state.
Only independently canonical records receive public links and relation statements. Draft graph topology remains private.
Directed-evolution workflows
outbound connection · method
The adenine deaminase activity was created through directed protein evolution.
Editing efficiency and byproduct measurement
outbound connection · measurement
Targeted products and byproducts require experiment-level measurement.
Directed-evolution workflows
inbound connection · method
Directed evolution supplied the deaminase activity used in the cited adenine base-editor lineage.
Claim ledger
Every proposition keeps its own evidence state.
The cited study evolves adenine base editors and characterizes targeted A-to-G editing in specified experimental systems.
- Scope
- The constructs, biological systems, protocols, assays, datasets, and comparisons reported in Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage.
- Boundary
- The source does not establish universal specificity, delivery, tissue performance, safety, or clinical benefit.
- Uncertainty
- There is no universal effect estimate for this method; numerical results remain attached to the source experiment, biological system, assay, and analysis choices.
- Replication
- This candidate records one bounded source package. Independent replications and contradictory results must be compiled separately before evidence maturity is upgraded.
Primary sources
Citation, locator, rights, and boundary travel together.
Source 1 · Nature
Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage
Nicole M. Gaudelli, Alexis C. Komor, Holly A. Rees, Michael S. Packer, et al.
- Exact locator
- Abstract; Figures 1–5; Methods; Extended Data; Supplementary Information.
- Establishes
- The study evolves and characterizes adenine base editors that install targeted A-to-G outcomes in specified bacterial and human-cell experiments.
- Boundary
- Reported performance does not transfer automatically to other editors, guides, loci, cells, delivery systems, organisms, or clinical settings.
- Rights basis
- citation with paraphrase · Maha paraphrases the source-level result and links to the version of record; no article passage is reproduced.
- Declared interests
- The article declares patent applications and company interests involving base-editing technologies.